Foodborne infection of mice with Salmonella Typhimurium.

The bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is one of the most common causes of foodborne disease in humans and is also an important model system for bacterial pathogenesis. Oral inoculation of C57Bl/6 mice, which are genetically susceptible to Salmonella, results in systemic infection but the murine intestine is not efficiently colonized unless the intestinal microbiota is disrupted. Pretreatment of C57Bl/6 mice with streptomycin, followed by oral inoculation with Salmonella Typhimurium results in colitis resembling human intestinal Salmonellosis. The predominant method of delivery of bacteria is oral gavage, during which organisms are deposited directly into the stomach via a feeding needle. Although convenient, this method can be stressful for mice, and may lead to unwanted tracheal or systemic introduction of bacteria. Here, we developed a method for oral infection of mice by voluntary consumption of regular mouse chow inoculated with bacteria. Mice readily ate chow fragments containing up to 108 CFU Salmonella, allowing for a wide range of infectious doses. In mice pretreated with streptomycin, infection with inoculated chow resulted in reproducible infections with doses as low as 103 CFU. Mice not treated with streptomycin, as well as resistant Nramp1 reconstituted C57Bl/6J mice, were also readily infected using this method. In summary, voluntary consumption of chow inoculated with Salmonella represents a natural route of infection for foodborne salmonellosis and a viable alternative to oral gavage.

Lymph node colonization dynamics after oral Salmonella Typhimurium infection in mice.

An understanding of how pathogens colonize their hosts is crucial for the rational design of vaccines or therapy. While the molecular factors facilitating the invasion and systemic infection by pathogens are a central focus of research in microbiology, the population biological aspects of colonization are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the early colonization dynamics of Salmonella enterica subspecies 1 serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) in the streptomycin mouse model for diarrhea. We focused on the first step on the way to systemic infection -- the colonization of the cecal lymph node (cLN) from the gut -- and studied roles of inflammation, dendritic cells and innate immune effectors in the colonization process. To this end, we inoculated mice with mixtures of seven wild type isogenic tagged strains (WITS) of S. Tm. The experimental data were analyzed with a newly developed mathematical model describing the stochastic immigration, replication and clearance of bacteria in the cLN. We estimated that in the beginning of infection only 300 bacterial cells arrive in the cLN per day. We further found that inflammation decreases the net replication rate in the cLN by 23%. In ccr7(-/-) mice, in which dendritic cell movement is impaired, the bacterial migration rate was reduced 10-fold. In contrast, cybb(-/-) mice that cannot generate toxic reactive oxygen species displayed a 4-fold higher migration rate from gut to cLN than wild type mice. Thus, combining infections with mixed inocula of barcoded strains and mathematical analysis represents a powerful method for disentangling immigration into the cLN from replication in this compartment. The estimated parameters provide an important baseline to assess and predict the efficacy of interventions.

Radiossensibilidade de Salmonella spp e Vibrio parahaemolyticus incorporadas artificialmente por ostras (Crassostrea brasiliana) / Salmonella spp and Vibrio parahaemolyticus radiosensibility artificially incorporated by oysters (Crassostrea brasiliana)

A irradiação é considerada um dos processos tecnológicos mais eficientes na redução de microrganismos patogênicos e deteriorantes dos alimentos. As ostras são moluscos bivalves que, frequentemente, são consumidas cruas, sendo consideradas importantes veículos de microrganismos patogênicos, devido à sua capacidade de filtração. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a radiossensibilidade de Salmonella spp e Vibrio parahaemolyticus incorporadas artificialmente por ostras (Crassostrea brasiliana). As ostras foram submetidas ao tratamento de radiação gama com doses variando entre 0,5 kGy a 3,0 kGy. Os valores de D10 variaram de 0,44 kGy a 0,55 kGy para Salmonella spp e de 0,15 kGy a 0,19 kGy para Vibrio parahaemolyticus...

[Water-electrolyte balance and plasma corticosteroid level in patients with food poisoning and salmonellosis]. / Vodno-élektrolitnyi obmen i soderzhanie kortikosteroidov v plazme krovi u bol'nykh pishchevymi toksikoinfektsiiami i sal'monellezom.

Altogether 57 patients with alimentary toxoinfections of obscure etiology and 39 patients with the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis of average gravity were examined. Two methods were employed: rehydration and incorporation of indomethacin in the therapeutic scheme. The time course of the studied indices in the patients with salmonellosis was similar to dynamic changes in the patients with alimentary toxoinfections. The incorporation of indomethacin in the therapeutic scheme brought the indices of water-electrolyte metabolism and corticosteroid secretion more rapidly to normal.